A growing body of evidence suggests that more relevant, translational observations can be made using 3D microtissues and organoids as compared to 2D monolayer cell culture. This is most notable in the fields of cancer biology and immuno-oncology.

Treatment resistance is associated with tumor cells molecular plasticity. In metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), alterations in androgen receptor (AR) have been described as predictors of shorter response to hormonal treatments.

The ability to generate and manipulate human neurons in vitro is an exciting advance that enables the validation, modeling and screening of drugs or phenotypes with human neurons to better understand and develop treatments for neurological disorders 

A large percentage of drugs fail in clinical studies due to cardiac toxicity, such as drug-induced QT prolongation.Therefore,acute and direct inhibition of hERG is routinely assessed in preclinical studies.

Layer-by-layer assembly techniques have been extensively studied in cell biology because of their simplicity of preparation and versatility. The applications of the LbL platform technology using polysaccharides, silicon and graphene have been studied

Stem cell technologies using iPSCs allow researchers to create differentiated neurons and support cells to study human brain and nervous system functions, circumventing several challenges in neurobiology research. 

Extracellular  vesicles  (EVs)  are  prevalent  in biological  fluids  and  are  of  great  interest  to researchers  due  to  the  compelling  evidence for their vital roles in cell signalling,  immune response   modulation and apoptosis.